top of page

Curated Resources

For MHST601

          Definition of Health

  1. Huber, M. (2011). HEALTH: HOW SHOULD WE DEFINE IT? BMJ: British Medical Journal, 343(7817), 235–237. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23051314
     

  2. Krahn, G.L et al. (2021). It’s time to reconsider how we define health: Perspective from disability and chronic condition. Disability and Health Journal, 14(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2021.101129
     

  3. World Health Organization. (1948). Preamble to the Constitution of the World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/about/governance/constitution
     

  4. Krahn, G.L et al. (2021). It’s time to reconsider how we define health: Perspective from disability and chronic condition. Disability and Health Journal, 14(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2021.101129
     

  5. Flood, C. M., & Thomas, B. (2016). Modernizing the Canada Health Act. Dalhousie Law Journal, 39(2), 1–16.

    Social Determinants of Health

  6. Government of Canada, Public Health Agency of Canada. (n.d.). Heart diseases and conditions. Retrieved March 5, 2025, from https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/heart-health/heart-diseases-conditions.html
     

  7. Government of Canada. (n.d.). Apply for the Canada Emergency Response Benefit (CERB). https://www.canada.ca/en/services/benefits/ei/cerb-application.html
     

  8. Government of Ontario. (2020). Rules for areas in stage 3 (O. Reg. 82/20). https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/200082#BK16
     

  9. Wachtler, B., Michalski, N., Nowossadeck, E., Diercke, M., Wahrendorf, M., Santos-Hövener, C., Lampert, T., & Hoebel, J. (2020). Socioeconomic inequalities and COVID-19 - A review of the current international literature. Journal of health monitoring, 5(Suppl 7), 3–17. https://doi.org/10.25646/7059
     

  10. Bendixsen, C., & Yoder, A. M. (2017). Socio-ecological model framework for prevention [Figure 1]. In Using the socio-ecological model to frame agricultural safety and health interventions. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Casper-Bendixsen-2/publication/318840832/figure/fig1/AS:543633808281600@1506623808268/Socio-ecological-model-framework-for-prevention-centers-for-disease-control-Available_W640.jpg
     

  11. Canada’s Public Health Agency. (n.d.). Social determinants of health. Kids New to Canada. https://kidsnewtocanada.ca/uploads/documents/Social_Determinants_of_Health.pdf
     

  12. Galea, S. (2015). The determination of health across the life course and across levels of influence. Boston University School of Public Health. https://www.bu.edu/sph/news/articles/2015/the-determination-of-health-across-the-life-course-and-across-levels-of-influence-2/
     

  13. Diez Roux, A. V. (2000). Multilevel analysis in public health research. Annual Review of Public Health, 21(1), 171–192. https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/55393/Diez%20Roux%202000%2021.pdf?sequence=
     

  14. Toronto Public Health. (2020). Social determinants of health and COVID-19: Summary of early evidence and implications for policy and action. City of Toronto. https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/956b-SDOHandCOVID19_Summary_2020July1.pdf
     

  15. Gibney, R. T. N., Blackman, C., Gauthier, M., Fan, E., Fowler, R., Johnston, C., Katulka, R. J., Marcushamer, S., Menon, K., Miller, T., Paunovic, B., & Tanguay, T. (2022). COVID-19 pandemic: The impact on Canada’s intensive care units. FACETS, 7(1), 144–165. https://doi.org/10.1139/facets-2022-0023
     

  16. Government of Canada. (n.d.). Apply for the Canada Emergency Response Benefit (CERB). https://www.canada.ca/en/services/benefits/ei/cerb-application.html
     

  17. Wachtler, B., Michalski, N., Nowossadeck, E., Diercke, M., Wahrendorf, M., Santos-Hövener, C., Lampert, T., & Hoebel, J. (2020). Socioeconomic inequalities and COVID-19 - A review of the current international literature. Journal of health monitoring, 5(Suppl 7), 3–17. https://doi.org/10.25646/7059
     

  18. Government of Ontario. (2020). Rules for areas in stage 3 (O. Reg. 82/20). https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/200082#BK16
     

  19. World Health Organization (WHO). (2021). Social Determinants of Health and Health Equity. https://www.who.int/health-topics/social-determinants-of-health

    Chronic Diseases

  20. Ontario Health. (2023). Chronic disease prevention and management: A health system perspective (Toolkit). Retrieved from https://www.ontariohealth.ca/sites/ontariohealth/files/2023-04/ChronicDiseaseToolkit.pdf
     

  21. Ontario Health. (n.d.). Chronic disease prevention. Retrieved March 5, 2025, from https://www.ontariohealth.ca/system-planning/chronic-disease-prevention
     

  22. Public Health Ontario. (n.d.). Chronic diseases and conditions. Retrieved March 5, 2025, from https://www.publichealthontario.ca/en/diseases-and-conditions/chronic-diseases-and-conditions
     

  23. Russell, G. M., Dahrouge, S., Hogg, W., Geneau, R., Muldoon, L., & Tuna, M. (2009). Managing chronic disease in ontario primary care: the impact of organizational factors. Annals of family medicine, 7(4), 309–318. https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.982

    Chronic Diseases and the Indigenous Community in Canada

  24. Sahai, V. S., Barnett, R. C., Roy, C. R., & et al. (2000). A profile of cardiovascular disease in Northern Ontario: Public health planning implications. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 91(6), 435–440. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03404824  
     

  25. Smith, E. R. (2009). The Canadian Heart Health Strategy and Action Plan. The Canadian Journal of Cardiology, 25(8), 451–452. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0828-282x(09)70116-3
     

  26. Anand, S. S., Yusuf, S., Jacobs, R., Davis, A. D., Montague, P. A., & Lonn, E. (2001). Cardiovascular health among Canada's Aboriginal populations: A review. Canadian Journal of Cardiology, 17(3), 271-279. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228060514_Cardiovascular_Health_among_Canada%27s_Aboriginal_Populations_A_Review
     

  27. Government of Ontario. (n.d.). Indigenous peoples in Ontario. Ontario.ca. Retrieved March 24, 2025, from https://www.ontario.ca/document/spirit-reconciliation-ministry-indigenous-relations-and-reconciliation-first-10-years/indigenous-peoples-ontario
     

  28. Indigenous Services Canada. (2024). Indigenous Health Equity Fund. Retrieved March 24, 2025, from ​https://www.sac-isc.gc.ca/eng/1721758041536/1721758068269#
     

  29. Vervoort, D., Kimmaliardjuk, D. M., Ross, H. J., Fremes, S. E., Ouzounian, M., & Mashford-Pringle, A. (2022). Access to Cardiovascular Care for Indigenous Peoples in Canada: A Rapid Review. CJC open, 4(9), 782–791. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjco.2022.05.010
     

  30. Loppie, C., & Wien, F. (2022). Understanding Indigenous health inequalities through a social determinants model. National Collaborating Centre for Indigenous Health. https://www.nccih.ca/Publications/Lists/Publications/Attachments/10373/Health_Inequalities_EN_Web_2022-04-26.pdf

Professional Affiliate Resources

The following organizations and legislations provide  frameworks that play crucial roles in setting standards, providing education, and ensuring the quality and safety of cardiac sonography practices in Ontario, Canada and the USA. 

​

Sonography Canada:

This is the national professional association and credentialing body for diagnostic medical sonographers in Canada.  

http://www.sonographycanada.ca

 

Canadian Society of Echocardiography (CSE):

CSE promotes excellence in echocardiography through education and advocacy within Canada. 

https://www.cseweekend.ca/

 

Ontario Association of Medical Radiation Sciences (OAMRS):

OAMRS promotes excellence in patient care through innovative professional development and advancement of the medical radiation sciences profession, which includes cardiac sonography. 

https://www.oamrs.org/

 

Regulated Health Professions Act, 1991:

This Ontario legislation provides a framework for regulating health professions in the province, ensuring that health professionals, including sonographers, deliver safe and ethical care.

https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/91r18

 

Medical Radiation and Imaging Technology Act, 2017:

This act regulates the practice of medical radiation and imaging technologists in Ontario, setting standards for professional practice and ensuring safe practice.

https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/17m25

​​

American Society of Echocardiography (ASE):

ASE is the largest global organization for cardiovascular ultrasound imaging, serving physicians, sonographers, nurses, and scientists. They are committed to advancing cardiovascular ultrasound to standardize cardiac care. 

https://www.asecho.org/

 

American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography (ARDMS):

ARDMS is an independent, nonprofit organization that administers examinations and awards credentials in diagnostic medical sonography and diagnostic cardiac sonography. 

https://www.ardms.org/

 

bottom of page